FEATURES OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITY ON THE MOON

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Vidmachenko A. P., Kuznyetsova J. G., Ovsak O. S. Features of volcanic activity on the Moon. Monograph. – Primedia eLaunch, Boston, USA, 2026 – 153 p.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.	Vidmachenko A. P.¹ General characteristics of the Moon and features of its internal structure ¹ National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine	9
	Introduction	9
1.1.	General characteristics of the Moon	9
1.2.	Comparing the characteristics of the Moon and Earth	11
1.3.	The internal structure of the Moon	12
1.4.	Methods for studying the interior of the Moon	14
1.5.	Physical characteristics of the layers in the middle of the Moon	18
1.6	Modern models of the Moon's internal structure	23
	Conclusions	24
	References	25
2.	Vidmachenko A. P.¹, Physical characteristics and relief of the surface of the Moon ¹ National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine	29
	Introduction	29
2.1.	Methods for obtaining data on the physical characteristics and relief of the lunar surface	29
2.2.	Physical characteristics of the lunar surface layer (Regolith)	31
2.3.	Relief of the Moon's surface	33
2.4.	Mineralogical composition of the surface layers of the Moon	41
	Conclusions	43
	References	44
3.	Vidmachenko A. P.¹, Kuznyetsova J. G.² Volcanic activity of the Moon in the historical past: manifestations, research methods and evolution ¹ National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine ²Main astronomical observatory of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine	50
	Introduction	50
3.1.	Sources and mechanisms of mantle melting	52
3.2.	Gravitational and topographic data	53
3.3.	Heat flow and radioactive element distribution measurements	56
3.4.	Analysis of lunar soil and rock samples	59
3.5.	Manifestations of volcanic activity in the historical past of the Moon	62
3.5.1.	Formation of the lunar magma ocean and initial differentiation	62
3.5.2.	Formation of lunar maria	64
3.5.3.	Other specific volcanic landforms	65
3.6.	Nature of Lunar Eruptions and the Evolution of Lunar Volcanic Activity: Past to Present	68
3.7.	Current state of volcanism	71
	Conclusions and future research on volcanism	73
	References	74
4.	Vidmachenko A. P.¹ The influence of volcanism on the surface formation and current geological state of the Moon ¹ National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine	79
	Introduction	79
4.1.	Historical surface landform changes and major manifestations of volcanism	82
4.2.	Obtaining data on lunar volcanism and the chronology of volcanic activity	85
4.3.	Current geological state of the Moon	88
4.4.	Morphological features associated with volcanism	90
4.5.	Scientific evidence supporting the inferences about changes on the lunar surface	92
	Conclusions	93
	References	96
5.	Vidmachenko A. P.¹, Ovsak O. S.² Lunar volcanism: types of formations, research methods and historical evolution ¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine ²Main astronomical observatory of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine	102
	Introduction	102
5.1	Types of volcanic formations on the surface of the Moon	102
5.2	Morphological features associated with seas	105
5.3	Historical changes in volcanic features on the lunar surface	110
5.4	Data underlying inferences about volcanic changes	111
	Conclusions	114
	References	114
6.	Vidmachenko A. P.¹ Comparative analysis of volcanic activity on the Moon and in the Solar System ¹National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine	122
	Introduction	122
6.1	Introduction to Planetary Volcanism	123
6.2	Location and distribution of volcanic formations	124
6.3	Volcanic history of the Moon	124
6.4	Marine basalts: formation, composition and morphology	127
6.5	Dating lunar volcanic surfaces	130
6.6	Evolution and duration of lunar volcanism	131
6.7	Comparative volcanism in the Solar System	132
6.7.1	Silicate volcanism on rocky bodies	133
6.7.2	Cryovolcanism on Icy Bodies	139
6.8	Driving factors and unifying themes in planetary volcanism	143
6.8.1	Internal heat sources	143
6.8.2	Environmental Influences	144
6.9	Unresolved issues and future directions	145
	Conclusions	146
	References	149